Final answer:
DNA replication takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle and is crucial for ensuring genetic continuity between parent and daughter cells. It is a semi-conservative process involving enzymes like DNA helicase and DNA polymerase, with bases pairing according to specific rules.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Does DNA Replication Occur in the Cell Cycle?
DNA replication occurs during the S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle. This crucial process happens before a cell proceeds to mitosis or meiosis. DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's DNA. The process is semi-conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.
During replication, enzymes such as DNA helicase and DNA polymerase play vital roles. Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, and polymerase helps in adding complementary nucleotides to form the new strand. This replication is guided by the base pairing rules, which are crucial for the accuracy of DNA replication.
Understanding DNA replication is essential in fields such as genetics, biology, and medicine, as it is fundamental to cell division and the maintenance of genetic continuity across generations. The process was elucidated by scientists Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl through their experiment in 1958.