x = 42°
because angle x and 42° are alternate angles which are equal (these angles are found on a ‘Z’ shape)
y = quite some steps (need to work out other letters beforehand)
w = 70° because w and 70° are corresponding angles (also equal and are found on ‘F’ shapes, thus F is easier to see if the line is extended or mathematically called along the transversal, the transversal is just a line that intersects two parallel lines)
The angle opposite x is also 42° because vertically opposite angles are equal.
Now, all the angles in a triangle add to 180° so y + w (70) + 42 = 180
y = 180-112
y = 68°
Hope this helps!!