The fascism movement was built off of the ideas of nationalism and anti-Bolshevism. These fascists leaders took advantage of the population's yearn for national-unity and strong leadership [this is how they gained followers].
Most fascist regimes in Europe gained power through coups. Benito Mussolini took power with the "March on Rome" in 1922; the Italian fascists committed intense violent acts throughout northern Italy. Francisco Franco came to power through a military coup, after the first attempt of military mobilization failed. Lastly, Adolf Hitler notably attempted to do something similar to Mussolini, which ultimately failed. After the failed coup, the Nazis decided to use the democratic process instead.