Answer:
1. introduce who they are ("I am Officer X of X Department) and why they pulled you over (I pulled you over because you were doing X amount over the speed limit)
2. Take your information, such as your ID, Registration and Insurance Information (IF THAT IS NEEDED)
3. Go back to their car, most likely they have already run your tags, now they are just comparing your information and then writing a ticket / warning
4. They come back to the car, have you sign the ticket, maybe they even give you a court date.
This is just what I know from my sister explaining what she does in her traffic stops.
Also per her:
"Do you know why I pulled you over"
"Do you know how fast you were going"
and various other "Do you know" statements are entrapment. You don't have to answer those.
For example:
"Do you know why I pulled you over?"
If you answer that with... lets say... "I wasn't wearing my seatbelt?" and they really pulled you over for your window tint, now they have two tickets for you.