Final answer:
In this question, the statements about the relationships between different organisms are evaluated as true or false.
Step-by-step explanation:
In this question, the student is asked to determine whether a series of statements are true or false. Let's go through each statement one by one:
1. Leopards and bass are more closely related than turtles and bass. This statement is False. Turtles and bass are both members of the group called Osteichthyes, while leopards belong to the group of mammals. Therefore, turtles and bass are more closely related to each other than leopards and bass.
2. Leopards and lancelets have no common ancestor. This statement is True. Leopards are mammals, while lancelets are invertebrate chordates. These two groups are very distantly related and do not share a recent common ancestor.
3. The taxon that shares the most recent common ancestor with frogs is the bass. This statement is False. The taxon that shares the most recent common ancestor with frogs is the reptiles, not the bass. Frogs and reptiles are both members of the group called Amphibia.
4. In this tree, frogs are the sister taxon of turtles and leopards. This statement is False. According to the provided information, it is unclear which organisms are the sister taxa of frogs.
5. Turtles and leopards all have four limbs and an amnion. This statement is True. Turtles and leopards are both amniotes, which means they have an amnion, as well as four limbs.
6. The common ancestor of lamprey and lancelets have a vertebral column. This statement is False. Lampreys and lancelets are both examples of organisms without a true backbone or vertebral column. They belong to the group of animals called chordates, but they lack vertebrae.