a)
The result is irrational!
Because the sum of a rational and an irrational number is always irrational.
b)
The result is rational!
The sum of two rational numbers is always rational. You can justify it by doing:
c)
The result is irrational!
In fact, the product of an irrational and a rational will always be irrational.,
d)
The result is rational!
The product of two rational numbers is always rational