Answer:
The first caricature is criticizing the ideology of socialism because it depicts Karl Marx, one of the intellectual founders of that system, as the guiding force that is leading his followers, the socialists, to the abyss.
The second caricature criticizes liberalism. Liberalism is associated with the free market (classical liberalism and libertarian liberalism), and such system has a tendency to facilitate the accumulation of wealth, and the growth of economic inequality. That is why the second caricature is depicting a fat individual surrounded by bags of money.