a)
Image VMS is reduced to image M'V'S'.
b) the scale factor is 2/3
M(-3,3)
Multiply -3 and 3 with 2/3 your result = -2 and 2.
Scale factor for coordinate M = (-3,3) andN = (-2,2)
Since it is reduction, -2/-3 or 2/3
Therefore, scale factor = 2/3
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