Answers and Step-by-step explanations:
Question 1:
I'm sorry, for this question I am not 100% sure that this answer is correct, but I am going to go with "standard form." I chose this answer because standard form tends to be one of the most easiest methods to use when it comes to graphing, besides the slope intercept form of "y=mx+b." Standard form is also one of the most useful forms to use when finding intercepts, which in this case the question is mentioning the x-intercept.
Question 2:
So for this question, it is asking you about translations on graphs. When a line is translated units away from another line, it means that it is typically the same line just moved an amount of units over.
(I have included the graphs in the attachment. The red line represents the first equation given, and the blue line represents the second equation that was translated up.)
The graph shows that the second (blue) line was translated 3 units up.
I hope that this helps.