Step-by-step explanation:
Gene expression consists of 2 steps: transcription and translation.
Transcription is the first step in gene expression. In this stage, the DNA sequence of a certain gene is copied to generate an RNA molecule. Enzymes called RNA polymerases are used in this process. These enzymes join nucleotides to form an RNA strand complementary to the target DNA template. In short, the goal of transcription is to produce an RNA copy of the DNA sequence of a gene. For genes that code for some kind of protein, the RNA copy, or transcript, contains the information needed to make a polypeptide.
Now, translation is the stage in which messenger RNA is decoded to build a protein that contains a specific set of amino acids. Note that in a messenger RNA, the instructions for building a polypeptide are the RNA nucleotides that are read in triads. By definition, these triads are called codons. In the process of translation, there are molecules called transfer RNAs that connect the codons of the messenger RNA with the amino acids for which they code. Specifically, one end of each transfer RNA has a sequence of three nucleotides (anticodon), which can bind to a specific codon of the messenger RNA. The other end of the tRNA carries the amino acid that specifies the codon. Now keep in mind that ribosomes are the structures where polypeptides are built. Indeed, in the structure of the ribosome, there are spaces where the transfer RNAs can find their corresponding codons in the template of the messenger RNA and thus deliver their amino acids. Additionally, the ribosome catalyzes the chemical reaction that joins amino acids together to form a chain.
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Answer:
Transcription:
Is the first step in gene expression. In this stage, the DNA sequence of a certain gene is copied to generate an RNA molecule. Enzymes called RNA polymerases are used in this process. These enzymes join nucleotides to form an RNA strand complementary to the target DNA template. In short, the goal of transcription is to produce an RNA copy of the DNA sequence of a gene. For genes that code for some kind of protein, the RNA copy, or transcript, contains the information needed to make a polypeptide.
Translation:
is the stage in which messenger RNA is decoded to build a protein that contains a specific set of amino acids. Note that in a messenger RNA, the instructions for building a polypeptide are the RNA nucleotides that are read in triads. By definition, these triads are called codons. In the process of translation, there are molecules called transfer RNAs that connect the codons of the messenger RNA with the amino acids for which they code. Specifically, one end of each transfer RNA has a sequence of three nucleotides (anticodon), which can bind to a specific codon of the messenger RNA. The other end of the tRNA carries the amino acid that specifies the codon. Now keep in mind that ribosomes are the structures where polypeptides are built. Indeed, in the structure of the ribosome, there are spaces where the transfer RNAs can find their corresponding codons in the template of the messenger RNA and thus deliver their amino acids. Additionally, the ribosome catalyzes the chemical reaction that joins amino acids together to form a chain.