To make those long multiplications:
1. Multiply the one digit factor for the last digit of the third digit factor: (7*1=7). Write the result as the last digit of the produnct (answer). If the result of multiplication is a two digits number you write the last digit and carry the other digit over the middle digit of (481):
2. Multiply the one digit factor for the middle digit of 481: (7*8=56). If the result of multiplication is a two digits number(56) you write the last digit (6) and carry the other digit (5) over the first digit of (481):
3. Multiply the one digit factor for the first digit of 481: (7*4=28). Add to the result the 5 you carry over (28+5=33):
Then, 481 times 7 is 3367--------------------------
You follow the same steps for the other multiplication:
1. 9*8=72 (carry 7 to second digit of 178)
2. 9*7=63. Add 7(63+7=70) (Carry 7 to first digit of 178)
3. 9*1=9. Add 7 (9+7=16)
Then, 178 times 9 is 1602