Divide each ratio set by 10. You'll get the following for each one:
1/2
2/4, which simplifies to 1/2.
3/6, same thing.
4/8, same thing.
Each ratio is equivalent because they all simplify to 1/2, because the first number (for ex, 30) is a half of the other number(ex. 60) + (if that makes any sense)
Hope this helps! :)