Question

1. CPU

The central processing unit (CPU, occasionally central processor
unit) is the hardware within a computer system which carries out
the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic
arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system.

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The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the
computer. The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since
the early 1960s.
The form, design, and implementation of CPUs have changed
dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation
remains much the same.
2. Main board
In personal computers, a motherboard is the central printed circuit
board in many modern computers and holds many of the crucial
components of the system, providing connectors for other peripherals. The
motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system
board, planar board or, on Apple computers, the logic board. It is also
sometimes casually shortened tomobo.
The term mainboard is applied to devices with a single board and no
additional expansions or capability. In modern terms this would
include embedded systems and controlling boards in televisions, washing

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machines, etc. A motherboard specifically refers to a printed circuit board
with expansion capability.

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3. RAM
Random access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data
storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow
stored data to be accessed in any order with a worst case performance
of constant time. Strictly speaking, modern types of DRAM are not random
access, as data is read in bursts, although the name DRAM / RAM has
stuck.

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4. Disk drive
A hard disk drive (HDD; also hard drive, hard disk, or disk
drive) is a device for storing and retrieving digital information, primarily
computer data. It consists of one or more rigid (hence "hard") rapidly
rotating discs (platters) coated with magnetic material, and with magnetic
heads arranged to write data to the surfaces and read it from them.

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5. Monitor
A monitor or display (also called screen or visual display unit) is
an electronic visual display for computers. The monitor comprises the
display device, circuitry, and an enclosure. The display device in modern
monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFTLCD) thin panel, while older monitors use a cathode ray tube about as deep
as the screen size.

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6. Keyboard and mouse
In computing, a keyboard is a typewriter-style keyboard, which uses
an arrangement of buttons or keys, to act as mechanical levers or electronic
switches. Following the decline of punch cards and paper tape, interaction
via teleprinter-style keyboards became the main input device for
computers.

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A mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting twodimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse
consists of an object held under one of the user's hands, with one or more
buttons.
UNDERSTANDING THE PASSAGE
Task 1. Answer the following questions
1. How many types of Computer architecture do we remind in this passage?
What are they?
………………………………………………………………………………

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……………………………………………………………………………
2. What does the CPU perform?
………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
3. How can you describe the mainboard?
………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
4. What does RAM mean?
………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. What does the monitor comprise?
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
6. What are the Hard drives?
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
7. What is a keyboard?
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
8. What does a mouse consist of?
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
Task 2. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false
sentences.
1. Computer monitors were used for entertainment.
………………………………………………………………………………
2. The mouse's motion typically translates into the motion of a pointer on
a display.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
3. Interaction via teleprinter-style monitors became the maininput
device for computers.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………

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4. ROM is often associated with volatile types of memory.
………………………………………………………………………………
5. The term CPU is applied to devices with a single board and no additional
expansions or capability.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
6. The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the computer.
………………………………………………………………………………

Answer 1

1.

There are four general kinds of computer architectures in the widely used classification scheme given by Hennessy and Patterson [Hennessy98]. These are: I. stack, 2.

2.

The computer's central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer that retrieves and executes instructions. The CPU is essentially the brain of a CAD system. It consists of an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), a control unit, and various registers. The CPU is often simply referred to as the processor.

3.

A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer. The motherboard is a computer's central communications backbone connectivity point, through which all components and external peripherals connect. ... Additional components can be added to a motherboard through its expansion slots.

4.

random-access memory

RAM stands for random-access memory, but what does that mean? Your computer RAM is essentially short term memory where data is stored as the processor needs it. This isn't to be confused with long-term data that's stored on your hard drive, which stays there even when your computer is turned off.

5.

A monitor usually comprises the visual display, circuitry, casing, and power supply. ... Monitors are connected to the computer via VGA, Digital Visual Interface (DVI), HDMI, DisplayPort, USB-C, low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) or other proprietary connectors and signals.

6.

A hard drive is the hardware component that stores all of your digital content. Your documents, pictures, music, videos, programs, application preferences, and operating system represent digital content stored on a hard drive. Hard drives can be external or internal.

7.

a panel of keys that operate a computer or typewriter.

and

a set of keys on a piano or similar musical instrument.

8.

The mouse's outer shell and most of its internal mechanical parts, including the shafts and spoked wheels, are made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic that is injection-molded. The ball is metal that is coated in rubber; it is made by a specialty supplier.

Inventor: Douglas Engelbart

hope this helps