1. The term Ancient Rome refers to the city of Rome, which was located in central Italy; and also to the empire it came to rule, which covered the entire Mediterranean basin and much of western Europe. At its greatest extent in stretched from present-day northern England to southern Egypt, and from the Atlantic coast to the shores of the Persian Gulf.
2. At the peak of the Roman Empire's reach, around A.D. 117, the Empire stretched as far north as modern Scotland, stretched down through Europe east into Asia as far as the border between modern day Iraq and Iran, with its southern reaches extending into northern Africa.
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