Jim Crow laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
The system of racial segregation in the U.S. South that lasted from 1890 to 1965 was referred to as Jim Crow laws.
Jim Crow laws were laws that were practiced in the Southern United States and enforced segregation and the unfair treatment of African Americans. Reconstruction was after the Civil War, where the federal government looked over and controlled the South. They tried to make sure that African Americans were being treated fairly, but soon the state governments took the South back over when Reconstruction ended. This made it easy to enforce Jim Crow laws and segregate African Americans.
Just about everything was segregated during the Jim Crow period. Bathrooms, schools, buses, water fountains, restaurants, housing, movie theaters, truly any building or public good was segregated. Not only that, but Jim Crow laws and bitter Southerners made it hard for African Americans to vote, which made it more difficult for them to vote for people to better their situation.
Eventually, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965. This banned Jim Crow laws and made them illegal, along with any form of preventing African Americans to vote, like the "grandfather clause."