Answer: Choice A)
You could also write
which is the same as writing
Arccos stands for "arccosine", which is effectively the same as inverse sine. The notation
means inverse cosine.
We use the cosine rule because
cos(angle) = adjacent/hypotenuse.
isolating the angle leads to
angle = arccos(adjacent/hypotenuse)
We can think of arccosine as an operation to undo the cosine function. It's similar to how division is the opposite of multiplication.