Final answer:
The chemical symbol for lead is Pb, derived from its Latin name 'plumbum'. Lead has isotopes with mass numbers 206, 207, and 208, respectively labeled as 206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb. Lead is used in various applications including batteries and radiation shielding, despite restrictions due to health concerns.
Step-by-step explanation:
The element with the atomic number of 82 is known as lead, and its chemical symbol is Pb. This symbol originates from the Latin name of the element, plumbum. Lead has several isotopes with mass numbers of 206, 207, and 208, denoted as 206Pb, 207Pb, and 208Pb. Lead is also found in compounds such as lead iodide (PbI2), a bright yellow solid useful for making X-ray and gamma ray detectors.
It was historically used as an artist's pigment known as iodine yellow. Due to its properties, lead is used in the manufacture of batteries, pipes, and in shielding against nuclear radiation. However, due to the toxic nature of lead and its compounds, their use has been significantly restricted in products like paint, gasoline, and food can solder.