Final answer:
Option C, that matter behaves the way it does because it is made of atoms, is an example of a scientific theory. Atomic theory, which supports this, has been extensively tested and continues to be a fundamental principle in chemistry.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the provided question is: C. Matter behaves the way it does because it is made of atoms.
This statement is an example of a scientific theory, which is a well-established explanation for a wide range of observations or experiments in the natural world. The atomic theory, proposed by John Dalton over 200 years ago, posits that all matter is composed of atoms, and this remains a foundational principle in chemistry today. Although the theory has been refined over time, such as acknowledging the existence of isotopes and the conversion of matter to energy in nuclear reactions, the core idea that matter is made up of atoms has withstood extensive scientific scrutiny and experimentation.
A scientific theory is more complex than a scientific law and provides a framework for explaining observed phenomena. Scientific theories are repeatedly tested and confirmed by various researchers and are supported by a substantial amount of evidence. The aforementioned theory helps us understand how matter is structured and behaves, fulfilling one of the key criteria for a successful scientific theory—its explanatory power.