Answer: off-balance-sheet assets arising from investments in successful research and development programs that are expensed according to conservative accounting principles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The market to book ratio refers to the financial valuation metric that is used in the evaluation of the current market value of a company relative to the book value of the company.
It should be noted that there'll be an increase in the market price of a company when there are investments which are made by the company in successful research and development programs which entails the use of the conservative accounting principles.