Final answer:
Socrates' philosophy emphasizes seeking wisdom, leading a virtuous life, and fulfilling duties with an overarching concern for one's soul. Justice and the welfare of the state are also key components of an individual's duties, which can be pursued through continual self-examination and the dialectical method.
Step-by-step explanation:
The duties of an individual according to Socrates involve a commitment to seek truth and wisdom. Socrates believed that the pursuit of knowledge and leading a virtuous life were paramount, to care for one's soul and to act justly. This philosophical journey is about the continual self-examination and questioning of one's beliefs, knowledge, and actions to achieve a harmonious and ethical life.
Additionally, Socrates' notion of justice and individual duties were deeply connected to the happiness of the individual and the welfare of the state. In his dialogue presented in Plato's Republic, Socrates envisions a just society constructed upon the principles of mutual need, virtue, and the roles of its citizens, including the guardians whose primary concern is the flourishing of the state.
Moreover, Socrates' Theory of the Soul emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and the search for stable truth. Socrates' method, the dialectical process, serves as a tool for individuals to engage in this search for virtue and wisdom, helping them to distinguish between genuine knowledge and ignorance.