The model of the atom that is similar to the model of the solar system was proposed by Niels Bohr.
Bohr's model of the atom, known as the Bohr model, was developed in 1913. According to this model, the electrons in an atom orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels or shells, much like the planets orbit the sun in our solar system. These energy levels are represented by specific distances from the nucleus.
In the Bohr model, the nucleus is at the center of the atom and contains protons and neutrons. Electrons, which have a negative charge, are located in specific energy levels around the nucleus. The energy levels are numbered, with the closest level to the nucleus having the lowest energy.
Each energy level has a maximum number of electrons it can hold, with the innermost level holding a maximum of 2 electrons, and the subsequent levels holding up to 8 electrons. The electrons can jump between energy levels by either gaining or losing energy, emitting or absorbing photons in the process.
Bohr's model was a significant advancement in our understanding of the atom, as it provided a framework for explaining the stability of atoms and the emission and absorption of light. However, it has since been refined with the development of quantum mechanics, which describes the behavior of electrons in terms of wave functions and probability distributions.