Answer:
The role of Christianity and Islam in the creation of the feudal states is a complex and controversial topic that has been debated by historians for centuries. Feudalism was a system of political and social organization that emerged in Europe and other regions of the world after the collapse of the Roman Empire. It was based on the exchange of land, protection, and loyalty between lords and vassals, who were bound by oaths and contracts. Feudalism also involved the subordination of peasants, who worked the land and paid taxes to their lords.
Christianity and Islam both influenced and were influenced by feudalism in different ways. Christianity was the dominant religion in most of Europe, where feudalism reached its peak during the Middle Ages. Christianity provided a common identity and culture for the feudal lords and vassals, who often shared the same faith and participated in the same rituals and ceremonies. Christianity also justified the hierarchical structure of feudal society, as it taught that God had ordained different ranks and duties for different people. The Church also played a vital role in feudalism, as it owned vast lands and wealth, controlled education and learning, mediated disputes and conflicts, and provided spiritual guidance and services to the feudal population.
Islam, on the other hand, was the dominant religion in most of the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia, where feudalism also developed but with different characteristics and variations. Islam was a more egalitarian religion than Christianity, as it taught that all Muslims were equal before God and had the same rights and obligations. Islam also encouraged trade, commerce, and learning, which fostered a more dynamic and diverse society than feudal Europe. However, Islam also faced challenges and divisions within its own community, as different sects, schools, and movements emerged over time. Islam also had to deal with external threats and conflicts from Christian crusaders, Mongol invaders, and other rival powers.
Therefore, Christianity and Islam both had a significant role in the creation of the feudal states, but they also had different impacts and outcomes on the development of feudal society. For more information on this topic, you can refer to these sources:
Christianity and Islam by Jose Orlandis
The rise of Islamic empires and states by Khan Academy
Christianity in Feudal Europe by ChurchinHistory
Islam and Christianity: a long, complex and crucial relationship by The National News