Final answer:
Summaries of the provided literary excerpts should focus on the critical themes of tempestuous sea, indifferent nature, and struggle for survival, noting significant details such as prevailing moods, character reactions, and environmental descriptions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Summarizing excerpts from literary texts requires focus on the most significant details that encapsulate the main points of the passages. In the given excerpts, the tempestuous sea, the indifferent nature of the universe, and the struggle for survival are central themes. For example, the excerpt from Jules Verne's 'Around the World in Eighty Days' emphasizes the relentless storm and impending delay in Phileas Fogg's journey, highlighting his unshakable calmness in the face of adversity. It is crucial to note the emotional response of the characters to their circumstances, as well as the description of the natural environment which often reflects the mood of the narrative.
Whether it's the serene indifference of a towering windmill, the raging storm waiting to break the shore, or the captain's stoic observations at sea, each passage presents a dynamic interaction between humans and the powerful force of nature. Hence, in summarizing these excerpts, one should include the prevailing moods, character reactions, and environmental descriptions that are pivotal to the story's progression.