Answer:
westerlies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The wind patterns over the Atlantic Ocean played a significant role in shaping Portuguese trade routes during the Age of Exploration. One important wind pattern that influenced these routes was the trade winds. These consistent winds blow from east to west in the tropical latitudes, making it easier for ships to sail westward across the Atlantic.
The Portuguese took advantage of the trade winds known as the Northeast Trades to establish their trade routes. They would sail south along the coast of Africa until reaching the Canary Islands, where they would pick up the Northeast Trades and head westward towards the Americas.
The trade winds allowed Portuguese ships to make faster and more efficient voyages, reducing travel time and costs. They were able to establish direct trade links with the West African coast, bypassing the overland routes controlled by Arab and Italian merchants.
In addition to the trade winds, another wind pattern that influenced Portuguese trade routes was the westerlies. The westerlies blow from west to east in the middle latitudes, making it easier for ships to return to Europe from the Americas. The Portuguese would take advantage of the westerlies on their return voyages, allowing them to complete their circular trade routes.
By understanding and utilizing these wind patterns, the Portuguese were able to establish a vast maritime empire, connecting Europe with Africa, Asia, and the Americas. This had a significant impact on world trade and exploration during that time period.