When a patient is prescribed the antipsychotic medication clozapine (Clozaril), healthcare providers typically order regular blood monitoring to assess for potential side effects and complications associated with the medication. The primary laboratory test you would expect to see ordered is:
1. **Complete Blood Count (CBC)**: Clozapine has the potential to cause a rare but serious side effect known as agranulocytosis, which is a severe decrease in white blood cell count. Regular monitoring of the patient's white blood cell count is crucial to detect this condition early. If significant drops in white blood cell count are detected, the medication may need to be discontinued.
In addition to the CBC, other laboratory tests that may be ordered periodically or as needed include:
2. **Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)**: This is a subset of the CBC that specifically measures the number of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, and a low ANC can indicate an increased risk of infection.
3. **Liver Function Tests (LFTs)**: Clozapine can affect liver function in some individuals, so monitoring liver enzyme levels may be necessary to assess liver health.
4. **Lipid Profile**: Clozapine can sometimes lead to elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, increasing the risk of cardiovascular issues. Monitoring lipid levels is important, especially for patients on long-term clozapine treatment.
The frequency of these tests may vary depending on the patient's individual circumstances and the healthcare provider's recommendations. Regular and diligent monitoring is essential when using clozapine to manage potential side effects and ensure the patient's safety. Patients taking clozapine should follow their healthcare provider's instructions and attend scheduled appointments for blood testing.