Final answer:
The executive branch checks the powers of the legislative branch through mechanisms such as the veto power and enforcement of laws. The Marbury v. Madison case established judicial review as a check on the other branches of government. At the state level, state governments were intended to check the power of the national government through passing laws on state matters.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the United States political system, the executive branch checks the powers of the legislative branch through various mechanisms. One way is through the veto power, where the president can reject bills passed by Congress. Additionally, the executive branch can enforce or not enforce laws based on their policy agenda. In terms of informal checks, the executive branch can set forth its policy agenda in the public realm, putting pressure on Congress to act. Lastly, Marbury v. Madison established the process of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to oversee and check the other branches of government.
At the state level, the intention of the Framers was for state governments to check the power of the national government by passing laws pertaining to state matters. This was done to prevent the concentration of power solely in the hands of the national government. The provisions outlined in the Constitution align with Madison's reasoning, as they establish a system of checks and balances between the federal government and the states.
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