Final answer:
The symbol of 'the black ball' likely represents the chronic disadvantages faced by African Americans, their ongoing struggle with identity and societal obstacles, and the ever-present threat of death they endure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symbol of "the black ball" in the story can represent different themes based on the context provided. However, with the passages given, it is likely that the symbol reflects multiple themes such as: the disadvantages faced by African Americans, the struggle with identity and purpose, and the prevailing threat of death and despair that looms over the characters in the narrative.
The black ball might mirror the burdensome disadvantages that African Americans carry through life, just as players in a game of pool must carefully navigate around the black ball to avoid losing. Similarly, the connotation of the serious stakes in the game could suggest the omnipresent threat of death for African Americans, particularly in the context of the historical struggles they have faced. The black ball can also represent the culmination of the societal barriers the narrator and his son must overcome, just as the black ball in pool is the ultimate ball that must be addressed with precision and care.
The passages reference various hardships, such as educational struggles, systemic prejudice, and socioeconomic barriers. These hardships are personified by the metaphorical weight of a black ball – a burden carried by an entire race due to the color of their skin, leading to an ongoing struggle for equitable treatment and opportunities.