Answer:
A
Step-by-step explanation:
A The current rise in global average temperature is more rapid than previous changes, and is primarily caused by humans burning fossil fuels. Fossil fuel use, deforestation, and some agricultural and industrial practices increase greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide and methane.
B Rivers and other ecosystems that provide essential habitats to freshwater fish are under increasing pressure from global hydropower development. While dams can provide flood protection, energy supply, and water security, they also pose a significant threat to freshwater species.
C Fossil fuel usage—incentivized by subsidies—is a key driver of the 7 million premature deaths each year due to air pollution. Fisheries subsidies, which exceed $35 billion each year, are a key driver of dwindling fish stocks, oversized fishing fleets, and falling profitability.
D Salinization is one of the processes of soil degradation leading to land desertification. Saline and sodic soils are more easily eroded by water and wind due to the destruction of the soil structure. Salinisation induces desertification effects such as loss of soil fertility, soil structure destruction and compaction, and soil crusting.
E The main causes of soil degradation and, consequently, the main threats to its ecological functions are erosion, organic matter decline, loss of biodiversity, compaction, sealing, point-source and diffused contamination, pollution, and salinization (Fig. 9.14) (Montanarella, 2007).