Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Explicit and systematic instruction is a structured approach that provides clear and direct guidance to students, especially those with reading difficulties, to effectively develop various components of reading. Here's how explicit and systematic instruction can support each component of the Simple View of Reading:
Word Recognition (Decoding):
Explicit Instruction: Break down the process of decoding words into manageable steps, focusing on phonemic awareness, phonics, and sight word recognition.
Systematic Instruction: Present phonics rules and patterns in a logical sequence, gradually increasing in complexity. Ensure ample practice and review to reinforce skills.
Language Comprehension:
Explicit Instruction: Teach comprehension strategies such as predicting, summarizing, making connections, and visualizing. Model and explicitly explain how to apply these strategies.
Systematic Instruction: Introduce one strategy at a time, provide guided practice, and gradually release responsibility to students. Scaffold instruction as they become more proficient.
Vocabulary Development:
Explicit Instruction: Introduce new vocabulary words explicitly, providing definitions, context, and multiple examples of usage.
Systematic Instruction: Integrate vocabulary instruction across subjects and texts. Teach word families, synonyms, antonyms, and affixes to enhance word knowledge.
Print Concepts:
Explicit Instruction: Teach the basic principles of print, such as left-to-right and top-to-bottom reading, and the concept of words and sentences.
Systematic Instruction: Use shared reading activities and guided discussions to reinforce print concepts. Gradually introduce more complex text structures.
Fluency:
Explicit Instruction: Teach strategies to improve fluency, such as repeated reading, phrasing, and expression. Model fluent reading and guide students in practicing these strategies.
Systematic Instruction: Provide opportunities for repeated reading of connected texts, gradually increasing text complexity. Monitor progress and adjust instruction accordingly.
Spelling and Writing:
Explicit Instruction: Teach spelling rules, patterns, and strategies explicitly, including syllable division and common spelling rules.
Systematic Instruction: Introduce spelling concepts in a systematic sequence, incorporating phonics knowledge. Encourage students to apply spelling rules in their writing.
Listening Skills:
Explicit Instruction: Provide explicit instruction in active listening skills, including identifying main ideas, details, and making inferences.
Systematic Instruction: Incorporate listening activities that align with reading materials. Gradually increase the complexity of listening tasks.
Oral Language Development:
Explicit Instruction: Offer opportunities for structured oral language practice, including discussions, presentations, and vocabulary activities.
Systematic Instruction: Scaffold oral language development by gradually increasing the complexity of tasks and providing supportive feedback.
Incorporating explicit instruction techniques, such as direct modeling, guided practice, and independent application, combined with a systematic progression of skills, helps students build a strong foundation in each component of reading. This approach ensures that students receive clear, structured, and well-sequenced instruction, leading to more effective reading development and improved reading outcomes.