Answer: The system of government in which power is shared between two or more levels of authority, each with meaningful decision-making power, is called "federalism."
In a federal system of government, there are two or more levels of government, typically a central or national government and subnational governments, such as states, provinces, or regions. Each level of government has its own specific powers and areas of authority that are outlined in the constitution or governing laws. These powers are usually protected and cannot be unilaterally altered by any one level of government.
Federalism allows for a distribution of power and responsibilities between the different levels of government. Certain matters, such as national defense or foreign affairs, are typically under the purview of the central government, while other issues, like education or transportation, may be managed by the subnational governments.
Meaningful power sharing is a key aspect of federalism, as it ensures that neither the central government nor the subnational governments can dominate completely. This division of power helps to protect the interests and rights of various regions or states within the country while also fostering a sense of unity and cooperation on national issues.
Examples of countries with federal systems of government include the United States, Canada, Germany, Australia, and Switzerland. In contrast, unitary systems of government concentrate power at the national level, and there is little to no meaningful power-sharing with subnational entities.