Answer:
(a) Two differences between mangrove and intertidal mudflat in terms of physical characteristics are:
- Vegetation: Mangroves are characterized by dense vegetation of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs, while intertidal mudflats are characterized by a lack of vegetation due to the frequent flooding of the area. Mangroves have a unique root system that allows them to survive in the salty and anaerobic conditions of the intertidal zone.
- Soil: Mangroves grow in muddy soils that are rich in organic matter, while intertidal mudflats are composed of fine sediment that is carried in by tides and rivers. The soil in mangroves is typically anoxic, which means that it lacks oxygen, while the soil in intertidal mudflats is well-aerated.
(b) Two examples of Hong Kong animal species found in each location are:
Upstream:
- Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis): This species is found in the freshwater wetlands of Hong Kong's upstream river areas. They are herbivores and feed on aquatic plants and grasses.
- Chinese egret (Egretta eulophotes): This species is a wading bird that is found in the freshwater wetlands of Hong Kong's upstream river areas. They feed on fish and other aquatic animals.
Midstream:
- Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii): This species is found in the midstream areas of Hong Kong's rivers. They are omnivores and feed on a variety of plants and animals.
- Chinese egret (Egretta eulophotes): This species is also found in the midstream areas of Hong Kong's rivers. They feed on fish and other aquatic animals.
Downstream:
- Chinese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus): This species is found in the downstream areas of Hong Kong's rivers. They are bottom-dwelling animals that feed on small invertebrates.
- Chinese white dolphin (Sousa chinensis): This species is a marine mammal that is found in the downstream areas of Hong Kong's rivers. They feed on fish and squid.