Answer:
The individual known as "the father of modern China" is Sun Yat-sen.
Sun Yat-sen, born on November 12, 1866, and died on March 12, 1925, was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the "Father of Modern China". He played a key role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of China, which ruled from 1644 to 1912. Sun was a co-founder of the Kuomintang (KMT), serving as its first leader. He was also the first provisional president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912.
Sun Yat-sen's political philosophy, known as the Three Principles of the People—nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood—was intended to guide China into a modern, democratic nation. His efforts to unify China under a single government while promoting these principles set the stage for modern Chinese politics.
While Mao Zedong, Emperor Puyi, and Chiang Kai-shek were significant figures in Chinese history, they are not typically referred to as "the father of modern China". Mao Zedong was a key figure in the establishment of the People's Republic of China and is more commonly known as its founding father. Emperor Puyi was the last Emperor of China and ruled during the Qing Dynasty. Chiang Kai-shek succeeded Sun Yat-sen as leader of the KMT and served as President of the Republic of China.