Answer:
1) The Gulf of Tonkin incident was a naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Vietnam in 1964. The US claimed that North Vietnam had attacked two US Navy destroyers, but the details of the incident were later disputed. In response to the incident, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which authorized President Johnson to use military force in Southeast Asia without a formal declaration of war. This allowed Johnson to escalate US involvement in Vietnam, leading to a significant increase in troop levels and bombing campaigns. The escalation of the war resulted in a prolonged and costly conflict, with significant loss of life on both sides.
2) The two main movements in the women's rights movement were the Suffrage movement and the Second Wave Feminism movement. The Suffrage movement, which began in the late 19th century and continued into the early 20th century, was focused on gaining the right to vote for women. Leaders such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton believed that the right to vote was essential to achieving equality for women. The Suffrage movement ultimately succeeded in 1920 with the passage of the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution.
The Second Wave Feminism movement emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, and was focused on a broader range of issues beyond just the right to vote. Leaders such as Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem believed that women should be treated equally in all aspects of society. They advocated for equal pay, reproductive rights, and an end to gender discrimination in the workplace and other areas of life. The Second Wave Feminism movement also brought attention to issues such as domestic violence and sexual harassment.
While both movements were focused on achieving greater rights and equality for women, they differed in their approaches and their goals. The Suffrage movement was primarily focused on securing the right to vote, while the Second Wave Feminism movement was focused on a broader range of issues related to gender equality. Additionally, the leaders of the Second Wave Feminism movement were more diverse and inclusive than those of the Suffrage movement, which was primarily led by white women.
3) The problems that Martin Luther King Jr. addressed in the South during the Civil Rights Movement were focused on ending racial segregation and discrimination. This included issues such as voting rights, access to education, and equal treatment under the law. King and other civil rights leaders organized protests, sit-ins, and marches to draw attention to these issues and to put pressure on the government to act.
The problems that we hope to solve in the North today are different in many ways. While racial discrimination and inequality still exist, they often take different forms than they did during the Civil Rights Movement. For example, issues such as police brutality and mass incarceration disproportionately affect people of color, particularly Black people. Economic inequality and lack of access to affordable housing are also major issues in many Northern cities. Additionally, there are ongoing debates around issues such as immigration and LGBTQ rights, which were not central to the Civil Rights Movement.
Overall, while there are some similarities between the problems that were addressed during the Civil Rights Movement and the problems that we hope to solve in the North today, there are also many differences. The specific issues that we are grappling with today are shaped by a range of social, economic, and political factors, and require a different set of strategies and solutions than those employed during the Civil Rights Movement.