To reduce pain and anxiety during vaccination, the nurse should apply the following strategies:
Applying a topical anesthetic: This can be done by using a numbing cream or spray on the injection site before administering the vaccine. It helps in reducing pain and discomfort during the injection.
Injecting the most painful vaccine last: If multiple vaccines are being administered, it is recommended to inject the most painful one last. This allows the child or individual to experience less discomfort throughout the vaccination process.
Holding the child upright during the vaccination: Holding the child in an upright position can help provide a sense of security and comfort. It also helps the child feel more in control during the procedure, reducing anxiety.
It is important to note that the fourth option mentioned, "Administering intramuscular injections rapidly without prior aspiration," is not considered a recommended strategy for reducing pain and anxiety. Aspiration refers to the process of pulling back on the syringe plunger after needle insertion to ensure that the needle is not in a blood vessel. Aspiration is generally recommended for intramuscular injections to minimize the risk of accidentally injecting into a blood vessel. However, it is advisable to follow the specific guidelines and best practices provided by the healthcare facility or organization where the nurse works.