Answer:
1. Prokaryotic cells are limited by not having a nucleus because they lack the protective membrane-bound compartment that houses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. This limits their ability to compartmentalize and regulate cellular processes, which can lead to a lack of specialization in cell function. Cells that have a nucleus are able to have more specialized functions, as the nucleus can regulate gene expression and allow for different types of RNA processing.
2. A bioengineer could use principles of mass and heat transfer to address a problem in human health by designing drug delivery systems that can precisely control the release of drugs over time. For example, a bioengineer might design a polymer-based scaffold that can release drugs at a specific rate over a period of weeks or months, to treat chronic conditions such as cancer.
3. The use of genetically modified food is controversial because it involves the intentional modification of an organism's genetic material, which can raise questions about the safety and ethics of manipulating the natural world. There are concerns that genetically modified crops could have unintended consequences, such as cross-breeding with wild plants or leading to the development of new pests or diseases. Additionally, there are concerns about the impact of genetically modified crops on human health, including the potential for allergenic reactions.
4. Biomaterials are an important part of bioengineering because they can be used to create medical devices, implants, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials are designed to be compatible with living tissue, and can be engineered to have specific properties such as biodegradability, flexibility, or stiffness. This makes biomaterials a crucial component of regenerative medicine, where they can be used to repair or replace damaged tissues.
5. Biotechnology raises more ethical issues than many other fields in engineering because it involves the manipulation of living organisms and their genetic material. This can raise questions about the potential consequences of modifying the natural world, including the impact on ecosystems and biodiversity. Additionally, there are ethical concerns related to the use of biotechnology in human health, including questions about the safety of genetic engineering and the potential for unintended consequences. There are also concerns about the potential for biotechnology to be used for unethical purposes, such as the creation of biological weapons or the exploitation of vulnerable populations.
Step-by-step explanation: