Human rights violations refer to actions or practices that infringe upon the fundamental rights and freedoms that are guaranteed to all individuals, regardless of their race, gender, nationality, religion, or any other characteristic. These violations can take various forms, such as discrimination, torture, arbitrary detention, forced disappearances, extrajudicial killings, censorship, and restrictions on freedom of speech, assembly, and association. Such violations can be perpetrated by state actors, such as governments and security forces, or by non-state actors, such as armed groups and corporations. Human rights violations are a serious concern, as they can lead to harm, suffering, and even death for those affected, and can undermine the legitimacy of institutions and the rule of law. It is the responsibility of states to prevent, investigate, and punish human rights violations, and to provide remedies and redress to victims.