Final answer:
The Nez Percé peoples are the Indigenous group that lived in the Columbia River region for over 10,000 years, thriving on the rich natural resources, especially salmon fishing, which played a crucial role in their culture and sustenance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Indigenous group that lived in the Columbia River region for more than 10,000 years is the Nez Percé peoples. This area is part of the Pacific Northwest where Indigenous communities thrived due to the rich natural resources, particularly the abundance of salmon, that allowed for a high carrying capacity. The Nez Percé, originally inhabiting land that is now part of Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, practiced fishing, hunting, gathering, and later agriculture, and were known for the seasonal mobility between their winter towns and summer hunting grounds. They also became prominent for their resistance against being moved to reservations during the Nez Percé War of 1877.