A 16-bit single-cycle microprocessor is a type of microprocessor that is capable of executing a single instruction in a single clock cycle, and has a data bus (the path through which data is transmitted between the microprocessor and other components in a computer) that is 16 bits wide. This means that the microprocessor is able to process data in units of 16 bits at a time, which is useful for applications that require fast processing of large amounts of data.
One example of a 16-bit single-cycle microprocessor is the MOS Technology 6502, which was widely used in early personal computers such as the Apple II and the Commodore 64. It was known for its low cost and high performance, and was used in a variety of applications including home computers, video game consoles, and industrial control systems.
Single-cycle microprocessors are generally faster than multi-cycle microprocessors, which require multiple clock cycles to execute a single instruction. However, they tend to be more complex and require more transistors, which can make them more expensive to produce.