1. The given statement "After Augustus replaced the Jewish ruler of Judah with a Roman procurator, all the Jews became Zealots-wanting to fight the Romans for their freedom " is False because After Augustus replaced the Jewish ruler of Judah with a Roman procurator, not all Jews became Zealots. While some did join the Zealot movement to fight the Romans for their freedom, many others continued to live under Roman rule without actively rebelling.
2. The given statement "The message of Jesus-people should love God and one another-agreed with Jewish teachings." is True because The message of Jesus, which emphasized that people should love God and one another, did align with Jewish teachings. Both Jesus' teachings and Judaism are rooted in the belief of a single, all-powerful God and emphasize the importance of love, compassion, and morality.
3. The given statement " Crucifixion of criminals was a common method of punishment by the Romans. " is True because Crucifixion was a common method of punishment employed by the Romans, especially for criminals and perceived enemies of the state. This form of execution was both painful and public, intended to serve as a deterrent for others considering similar actions.
4. The given statement " Christians, unlike the Jews, believed multiple gods could be worshiped." is False because Christians, like the Jews, believed in the worship of a single God. Both religions are monotheistic, meaning that they hold the belief in only one supreme deity. Christianity emerged from Judaism and shares many of its core beliefs, although there are distinct differences between the two.
5. The given statement "In the early A.D. 300s, Diocletian was defeated in carrying out the last great persecution of the Christians." is True because In the early A.D. 300s, Diocletian initiated the last great persecution of Christians. However, he was ultimately unsuccessful in eradicating Christianity. Following his rule, Constantine the Great became emperor and adopted Christianity, leading to its eventual acceptance and growth throughout the Roman Empire.