1. Apartheid was a system of institutional racial segregation and discrimination that was enforced in South Africa by the white minority government from 1948 until the early 1990s.
2. The white minority in South Africa feared losing political and economic power to the black majority. They believed that apartheid was necessary to maintain white control over the country and prevent black South Africans from gaining political and economic power.
3. The education system in South Africa under apartheid was highly unequal. Black South Africans had limited access to quality education, while white South Africans had access to well-funded schools and universities. Black schools were severely underfunded and lacked resources, which resulted in poor education outcomes.
4. "Bantu" was a term used by the South African government to refer to black South Africans. They faced many forms of discrimination under apartheid, including being forced to live in designated areas and being denied basic rights such as the right to vote. They also faced discrimination in employment and education.
5. Any African not carrying a pass would be subject to arrest and detention under apartheid laws. The pass laws required black South Africans to carry identification documents at all times, which restricted their freedom of movement and made it difficult for them to find work and housing outside of designated areas.
6. The Group Areas Act enforced residential segregation in South Africa by designating certain areas for specific racial groups. Black South Africans were forcibly removed from their homes and forced to live in designated areas known as "townships."
7. The Population Registration Act classified people in South Africa into different racial groups based on physical characteristics such as skin color. The government used these classifications to enforce apartheid laws and restrict the rights of black South Africans.
8. The people of South Africa fought apartheid through various forms of resistance, including protests, strikes, and acts of civil disobedience. Some also engaged in armed struggle against the apartheid government. International pressure and boycotts also played a significant role in ending apartheid.
9. Nelson Mandela played a key role in ending apartheid through his leadership in the African National Congress (ANC) and his activism against the apartheid government. He spent 27 years in prison for his activism before being released in 1990. After his release, he negotiated with the government to end apartheid and became South Africa's first black president in 1994.
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~~~Harsha~~~