The Amendment that could be used to protect people from criminal prosecution is not specified in the question. However, based on the scenarios provided, we can identify which Amendments may potentially apply:
A. Carl is arrested for writing an essay calling for the impeachment of his U.S. Senator.
The First Amendment protects freedom of speech, including the right to express political opinions.
B. Myra brings a handgun into a major airport.
The Second Amendment protects the right to bear arms, but there are limits on where firearms can be carried, including in certain public places like airports.
C. Andre fires one of his employees because of his views on reincarnation.
The First Amendment protects freedom of religion, which includes the right to hold certain beliefs and opinions.
D. Clarence is arrested for lying under oath during testimony in a court of law.
The Fifth Amendment protects against self-incrimination, but it does not protect individuals who lie under oath.
It's important to note that these are only general guidelines and the application of Constitutional Amendments can be complex and context-specific.: