During cellular respiration, the following substances are used:
1. Glucose: This is the primary source of energy for the cells.
2. Oxygen: This is essential for the process of aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down into energy.
3. ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (Inorganic phosphate): These are converted into ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) during cellular respiration to provide energy for the cells.
4. NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide): These molecules are used as electron carriers during cellular respiration, shuttling electrons from one metabolic reaction to another.
5. Water: This is produced as a byproduct during cellular respiration when oxygen accepts electrons and protons to form water.
Together, these substances are used in the process of cellular respiration to produce energy that is required for the proper functioning of cells in the body.