In Part One of The Alchemist, Santiago is a shepherd who spends his days tending to his flock of sheep. As he watches the sheep graze, he observes that they live a very simple existence, following the same routine day after day. Santiago realizes that the sheep are content with their lives, as they have everything they need to survive, but they do not have any aspirations or dreams beyond their basic needs. This realization causes Santiago to question his own life and whether he too is content with his current existence.
The sheep in The Alchemist symbolize the way some people live their lives, following a routine and settling for a comfortable, but unfulfilling existence. They represent those who are content with the status quo and do not aspire to achieve their dreams or pursue their passions. Santiago's realization that he does not want to live his life like the sheep is a turning point in the story, as it sets him on a journey of self-discovery and personal growth. The sheep serve as a reminder to Santiago that life is more than just survival and that true happiness and fulfillment come from following one's dreams and passions.