Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain several similar structures, including:
Cell membrane: This thin, flexible barrier surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Cytoplasm: This gel-like substance fills the cell and contains all the cell's organelles.
Ribosomes: These small, round organelles are responsible for synthesizing proteins.
DNA: This genetic material contains the instructions for making all the cell's proteins and other molecules.
Cell wall: Many prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, which is a thick, rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support and protection for the cell. Eukaryotic cells do not have a cell wall, but some plant cells do have a cell wall made of cellulose.
Flagella or cilia: These long, whip-like structures can be found on some prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are used for movement.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus: These organelles are involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and other molecules within the cell.
Mitochondria: These organelles are the powerhouses of the cell, responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP.
Chloroplasts: These organelles are found only in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose.