Multiprocessing refers to a technique in computer architecture where a computer system has multiple processors or central processing units (CPUs) that can be used to perform multiple tasks or execute multiple threads of a program simultaneously. In other words, multiprocessing is the ability of a computer to perform more than one task or process at the same time by utilizing multiple CPUs.
Multiprocessing can provide significant benefits in terms of improving system performance and throughput. By using multiple processors, a computer can execute multiple programs or threads concurrently, which can help to reduce the time required to complete a task. This is especially useful in applications that require high levels of computational power, such as scientific simulations, data analytics, and machine learning.
In addition to hardware-based multiprocessing, there are also software-based approaches to multiprocessing that utilize multiple cores or threads within a single processor. These software-based approaches are typically more flexible and easier to implement than hardware-based multiprocessing, but may not provide the same level of performance improvements.