Answer:
The correct answer is a. Racial ideology.
This statement refers to the use of skin color to categorize people into races, which is a product of racial ideology. Racial ideology refers to the set of beliefs and ideas that are used to justify and maintain racial inequality and hierarchies. The use of skin color as the defining characteristic of race is a flawed approach that ignores the fact that people of different skin colors can share common ancestry and have complex racial identities. This approach also perpetuates the myth of race as a biologically determined category, rather than a social construct.