Answer:
There are several systems that have significantly influenced the development of parole in the United States. These include the following:
1.The penitentiary movement: During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a movement emerged in the United States to reform the criminal justice system and shift away from punishment towards rehabilitation. This movement, known as the penitentiary movement, led to the development of new forms of punishment, including parole, which allowed for the release of prisoners on the condition that they would be supervised and adhere to certain conditions.
2.The indeterminate sentence: Parole also emerged as a result of the development of the indeterminate sentence, which allowed judges to set a range of time for a prison sentence, rather than a fixed length. This gave parole boards the ability to determine when a prisoner was ready for release based on their progress in rehabilitation and their behavior while incarcerated.
3.The Great Society programs: In the 1960s, President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs, which aimed to address social and economic issues, included initiatives to reform the criminal justice system. These programs led to the expansion of parole and the development of alternatives to incarceration, such as community-based programs and drug treatment centers.
4.The war on drugs: The war on drugs, which began in the 1980s and continues to this day, has also had a significant impact on the development of parole. As part of this effort, policymakers have focused on increasing the use of incarceration and mandatory minimum sentences, which has led to a decrease in the use of parole in some cases.
Overall, the development of parole in the United States has been influenced by a variety of factors, including movements to reform the criminal justice system, the use of indeterminate sentences, and efforts to address social and economic issues.