Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The mesosphere is the layer of Earth's atmosphere that lies between the stratosphere and the thermosphere, at an altitude of approximately 50-85 kilometres (31-53 miles) above the Earth's surface. The mesosphere is characterized by extremely low air pressure and temperatures that can reach as low as -100°C (-148°F).
The mesosphere is formed through a combination of processes, including the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, the cooling effect of the atmosphere as it rises to higher altitudes, and the mixing of gases from the lower atmosphere.
One of the key factors that contribute to the formation of the mesosphere is the absorption of UV radiation by ozone in the stratosphere. This process releases heat, which causes the air in the stratosphere to warm and rise. As this air rises, it cools and expands, causing it to sink back down towards the Earth's surface. This sinking air creates a region of high pressure that separates the stratosphere from the mesosphere.
Another factor that contributes to the formation of the mesosphere is the cooling effect of the atmosphere as it rises to higher altitudes. As air rises, it expands and cools due to the decrease in air pressure. This cooling effect is particularly strong in the upper atmosphere, where the air is very thin.
Finally, gases from the lower atmosphere are also mixed into the mesosphere through a process called diffusion. This process is driven by the random motion of gas molecules, which causes them to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Together, these processes create the mesosphere, which is an important layer of Earth's atmosphere that plays a critical role in regulating the planet's climate and weather patterns.