Final answer:
A base absorbs H+ ions from a solution, neutralizing them and raising the pH level, with sodium hydroxide being a common example of a strong base.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of chemical that can absorb H+ ions from a solution is known as a base. According to the Arrhenius definition, a base is a compound that increases the concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in water.
The presence of these OH- ions allows the base to neutralize H+ ions, effectively removing them from the solution and raising the pH. A common example of a strong base is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which dissociates completely in water to provide hydroxide ions that readily react with H+ to form water (H2O).
Another important concept involves Le Châtelier's principle, which explains how the autoionization equilibrium of water shifts when a base is added to a solution, resulting in a decreased concentration of H+ due to the formation of water from H+ and OH- ions. In summary, bases absorb H+ ions by forming water, which results in an increase in pH and a more basic or alkaline solution.