Final answer:
The Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison was pivotal for establishing the Court's power of judicial review but did not result in Marbury receiving his appointment. This landmark ruling demonstrated the independence of the judiciary and asserted its role in the constitutional system of checks and balances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison is a hallmark case in the United States legal history for several reasons. First, it was triggered by the "midnight appointments" conducted by President John Adams in an attempt to secure Federalist influence in the judiciary before Thomas Jefferson took office.
William Marbury was one of those appointees, and when his commission was not delivered, he petitioned the Supreme Court. The Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, delivered a ruling that established the Court's power to declare laws unconstitutional, known as judicial review, while simultaneously determining that the specific request made by Marbury could not be granted because the statute on which he based his claim was itself unconstitutional.